饲粮维生素D和钙水平对冬毛期短毛雄性黑水貂生产性能、血清生化指标和脏器指数的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2018.05.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在探讨在钙磷比固定的条件下，饲粮维生素D和钙水平对雄性水貂生产性能、血清生化指标及脏器指数的影响。选取（135±5）日龄健康、体重相近的短毛黑水貂公貂117只，随机分成9组，每组13个重复，每个重复1只。试验采用3×3双因素随机试验设计，饲粮钙磷比固定为1.7，基础饲粮中维生素D水平为2 300 IU·kg^-1，钙水平为2.0%。设3个维生素D添加水平，分别为0、2 000、4 000 IU·kg^-1；3个钙添加水平，分别为0%、0.4%、0.8%，共配制9种试验饲粮。9种饲粮的钙与维生素D水平分别为2.0%与2 300 IU·kg^-1、2.0%与4 300 IU·kg^-1、2.0%与6 300 IU·kg^-1、2.4%与2 300 IU·kg^-1、2.4%与4 300 IU·kg^-1、2.4%与6 300 IU·kg^-1、2.8%与2 300 IU·kg^-1、2.8%与4 300 IU·kg^-1、2.8%与6 300 IU·kg^-1。试验期为60 d。分别测定水貂生产性能、血清中氮代谢指标和脂肪代谢指标，并计算脏器指数。结果表明：1）饲粮钙添加水平为0%时，水貂皮长显著增加（P<0.05）。维生素D和钙水平对水貂末重、体长和毛皮品质均无显著影响（P>0.05）。2）维生素D添加水平为2 000 IU·kg^-1时显著提高血清TP浓度（P<0.05），显著降低水貂血清TG浓度（P<0.05）。钙添加水平为0.8%时，水貂血清HDL浓度显著提高（P<0.05）、LDL浓度极显著降低（P<0.01）。3）0.8%钙添加水平显著提高水貂心脏指数、肝脏指数、脾脏指数（P<0.05），0~2 000 IU·kg^-1维生素D添加水平极显著提高水貂肾脏指数（P<0.01）。综合以上指标，在本试验条件下，得出当水貂饲粮中添加0~2 000 IU·kg^-1维生素D，总维生素D含量为2 300~4 300 IU·kg^-1时，能够促进水貂蛋白质代谢，提高水貂肾脏指数；当水貂饲粮中添加0.8%钙、饲粮中总钙含量为2.8%时，能够提高水貂心、肝、脾脏指数。

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary vitamin D and calcium levels on production performance, serum biochemical parameters and organ indexes of male mink under the fixed ratio of calcium to phosphorus. One hundred and seventeen healthy male minks with (135±5) day-old with similar body weight were randomly divided into 9 groups with 13 replicates per group and 1 mink per replicate. The experiment was conducted with a 3×3 factorial design using a basal diet containing 2 300 IU·kg^-1 vitamin D and 2.0% Ca. The dietary ratio of calcium to phosphorus was fixed to 1.7. Nine kinds of diets were prepared in the experiment. The supplementary vitamin D levels were 0, 2 000 and 4 000 IU·kg^-1 of the diets, respectively, while supplementary Ca levels were 0%, 0.4%, 0.8%, respectively. Calcium and vitamin D levels were 2.0% versus 2 300 IU·kg^-1, 2.0% versus 4 300 IU·kg^-1, 2.0% versus 6 300 IU·kg^-1, 2.4% versus 2 300 IU·kg^-1, 2.4% versus 4 300 IU·kg^-1, 2.4% versus 6 300 IU·kg^-1, 2.8% versus 2 300 IU·kg^-1, 2.8% versus 4 300 IU·kg^-1, 2.8% versus 6 300 IU·kg^-1. The test lasted for 60 days. Production performance, serum nitrogen metabolism indexes and fat metabolism indexes were measured, and organ index was calculated. The results showed that:1) When the calcium supplementation level was 0%, the skin length of mink significantly increased (P<0.05). The vitamin D and calcium levels had no significant effect on the body weight, body length and fur quality of mink (P>0.05). 2)The serum TP concentration significantly increased(P<0.05) and serum TG concentration significantly decreased (P<0.05) when the addtion level of vitamin D was 2 000 IU·kg^-1. When the supplementary level of calcium was 0.8%, the serum HDL concentration of mink significantly increased (P<0.05), and the concentration of LDL significantly decreased (P<0.01).3) 0.8% calcium supplementation significantly increased mink heart index, liver index and spleen index(P<0.05), vitamin D supplementation in 0-2 000 IU·kg^-1 significantly increased mink kidney index(P<0.01). In conclusion,under the conditions of this experiment, when the dietary supplementation is 0-2 000 IU·kg^-1 vitamin D (total 2 300-4 300 IU·kg^-1 vitamin D in diet), protein metabolism and kidney index of mink can be promoted;when the dietary supplementation is 0.8% Ca(total 2.8% Ca in diet), heart index, liver index and spleen index of mink can be promoted.

中图分类号:

S829.95

王静, 张海华, 徐逸男, 李仁德, 张雪蕾, 蔡熙姮, 李光玉. 饲粮维生素D和钙水平对冬毛期短毛雄性黑水貂生产性能、血清生化指标和脏器指数的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2018, 49(5): 986-995.

WANG Jing, ZHANG Hai-hua, XU Yi-nan, LI Ren-de, ZHANG Xue-lei, CAI Xi-heng, LI Guang-yu. Effects of Dietary Vitamin D and Calcium Levels on Production Performance, Serum Biochemical Parameters and Organ Indexes of Male Standard Mink during Winter Fur-growing Period[J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2018, 49(5): 986-995.

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